We
can identify numerous types of Heat Pump (HP) depending on the medium
in which they absorb (source) and release heat.
We will speak
especially of:
Note
that the 1st
medium indicated is always that of the source of recovered heat and
the 2nd
indicates the destination which will be heated.
The
principle models of heat pump for the heating of buildings are:
- Air-source heat pumps on outside air.
Source Ciat
They
absorb the heat that is naturally present in the outside air (even in
extreme cold…).
We speak of:
– Air (ext.) / Air (int.) HP
–
Air (ext.) / Water (heating) HP
- Geothermal heat pumps on the water table.
Source Ciat
They
absorb the calories contained in underground water. After draw-off,
the water is either re-injected into the water table or evacuated by
the drains.
We speak of:
– Water (géothermal) / Air (int.)
HP
– Water (géothermal) / Water (heating) HP
- Geothermal heat pumps on horizontal collectors.
Source Ciat
The
horizontal collector is installed at least one metre deep (3.3 feet).
It absorbs the calories of the ground provided by sunshine &
rainfall.
It is made up of a network of tubing in which
refrigerant liquid flows (or ecologically better) a liquid coolant
(glycolated water).
This system is recommended for houses having a
large amount of land. Well done, it causes no problems for lawns or
ground covering plants.
- Geothermal heat pumps on vertical collectors.
Source Ciat
Of
a depth of 50 to 100 [m] (164 to 328 feet), vertical collectors
absorb calories of the ground provided by the earth’s
heat.
Vertical collectors offer great performance because from a
depth of 15 [m] (49 ft) there is a constant temperature of approx 10
[°C] (50 °F), whatever the season.
This system is recommended for small plots of land.